Metabolic acidosis
Identify the metabolic disturbance, assess ventilation, then explain the corrected anion gap.
Read guide : Metabolic acidosisTraditional clinical guides
A practical reading sequence for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, respiratory disturbances, the anion gap and mixed disorders.
Six practical guides, with worked cases that open directly in the Traditional calculator.
Metabolic alkalosis
Assess a primary bicarbonate increase, its respiratory response, and the clinical clues that distinguish causes.
Read guide : Metabolic alkalosisRespiratory acidosis
Interpret a primary PaCO₂ increase using the clinical time course and the expected bicarbonate response.
Read guide : Respiratory acidosisRespiratory alkalosis
Assess a primary PaCO₂ reduction and avoid mistaking its bicarbonate response for a separate metabolic acidosis.
Read guide : Respiratory alkalosisAnion gap and delta analysis
Use albumin correction and a declared reference before interpreting the relationship between the gap and bicarbonate.
Read guide : Anion gap and delta analysisMixed disorders and normal-pH traps
Account for every component, including abnormalities that oppose one another and leave pH deceptively reassuring.
Read guide : Mixed disorders and normal-pH trapsAdult educational interpretation at 37°C. Apply arterial rules to arterial samples, use the laboratory’s reference intervals, and review the result alongside the clinical history.